Researchers Uncover Muscle Shape Links to Metabolic Health

A recent study by researchers from the University of Westminster has revealed that the shape of the gluteus maximus muscle can provide important insights into metabolic health. The findings indicate that changes in this muscle’s shape are influenced by factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, and frailty, potentially signaling underlying metabolic differences. The research was presented in December 2023 at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago.

The study utilized data from a large health database in the UK, analyzing more than 61,000 MRI scans. This extensive dataset included participants’ physical measurements, demographics, disease biomarkers, medical histories, and lifestyle habits. According to the lead author, E. Louise Thomas, Ph.D., a professor of metabolic imaging at the university, the shape of the gluteus maximus plays a significant role in metabolic health.

Researchers found that individuals with higher fitness levels—assessed through indicators like vigorous physical activity and hand grip strength—exhibited a more robust gluteus maximus shape. In contrast, aging, frailty, and prolonged periods of sitting were associated with thinning of the muscle. Co-author Marjola Thanaj, Ph.D., a senior research fellow at the university’s Research Centre for Optimal Health, noted that these changes could reflect “early functional decline” and “metabolic compromise,” particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

The study highlighted distinct patterns in men and women regarding muscle shape changes. Men with type 2 diabetes showed signs of muscle shrinkage, while women displayed enlargement, likely due to fat infiltration within the muscle. Frail men experienced general shrinkage across the gluteus maximus, whereas the frailty effect in women was more limited.

The implications of these findings extend beyond academic interest. Fitness experts emphasize the importance of strengthening the glutes for long-term health benefits. Tanya Becker, co-founder of Physique 57 in New York City, describes the glutes as the body’s “shock absorbers.” Strengthening this muscle group not only helps protect the lower back, hips, and knees but also enhances posture and balance, reducing the risk of falls and improving overall mobility.

Becker advocates for traditional exercises like squats, lunges, and bridges to bolster glute strength. These exercises can be adapted for different fitness levels, making them accessible even for older adults or those with physical limitations. For beginners, she suggests bodyweight exercises found in Pilates and barre classes, which can be performed anywhere.

The research underscores the critical role that muscle shape can play in understanding health risks and emphasizes the need for individuals to prioritize their fitness routines, particularly as they age. Strengthening the glutes not only contributes to better physical health but also may serve as an indicator of metabolic well-being. The findings pave the way for further exploration into how muscle morphology can inform clinical practices and individual health strategies.