Pediatrician Explains RSV: Symptoms, Risks, and Preventive Measures

Each winter, parents of young children face the threat of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a common virus that can lead to serious respiratory infections. According to pediatrician Dr. Seth Brown, the conditions during colder months significantly contribute to the virus’s transmission. “The cold, dry air actually helps the virus survive and spread better,” he says. “Additionally, people are staying indoors in closer contact more in the winter, and the colder air weakens nasal defenses, creating a prime opportunity for transmission.”

RSV is prevalent, with most children experiencing it by the age of two. Common symptoms include a congested or runny nose, dry cough, low-grade fever, sore throat, sneezing, and headaches. In more severe cases, particularly for children under two, symptoms such as difficulty breathing, poor feeding, and increased sleepiness can occur. The typical incubation period for RSV is about five days.

Testing for RSV is recommended due to the overlap of symptoms with other illnesses like COVID-19 and influenza. “There are actually quite a few symptoms that do overlap,” Dr. Brown notes. “That’s why testing in the right circumstances is an essential tool to determine what virus is present.”

According to data from Ballad Health, around five percent of children admitted to their hospital system are treated for RSV. The virus has a mortality rate of approximately 1 in 100,000 in the United States. “Any preventable illness, even a single preventable illness, that could lead to severe disease or death is one we need to think about and prevent,” Dr. Brown emphasizes.

Preventive Measures Against RSV

One of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of RSV is through proper hand hygiene. Dr. Brown recommends washing hands for at least 20 seconds and using hand sanitizer as an alternative when washing is not possible. Practicing proper cough hygiene is also crucial; this involves coughing into one’s elbow or using a tissue to cover the mouth and nose, followed by handwashing.

Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke is another key preventive measure. “Cigarette smoke damages airways, increases inflammation, impairs immune responses, and promotes cell death,” Dr. Brown explains.

For expectant mothers, an RSV vaccine is available and can be administered between 32-36 weeks gestation. Dr. Brown states, “That’s one of the most effective ways to protect the newborn.”

RSV is not only a concern for young children; it poses risks to individuals who are immunocompromised or over the age of 60. Dr. Brown encourages these individuals to consult their healthcare providers regarding vaccinations to enhance their protection.

As RSV season approaches, understanding the symptoms and implementing preventive strategies can be crucial for families aiming to safeguard their children’s health.