Indonesia Turns Toll Roads into Emergency Runways for Fighter Jets

Indonesia is taking significant steps to enhance its military capabilities by converting toll roads into emergency runways for fighter jets. The initiative aims to provide the country with a network of makeshift runways across its vast archipelago, effectively creating multiple operational platforms similar to aircraft carriers.

On March 15, 2024, during a demonstration in Lampung province on the southern tip of Sumatra, an Indonesian Air Force F-16 and a Super Tucano attack plane successfully landed and took off from a toll road. The Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Forces, Marshal Tonny Harjono, expressed hope that each of Indonesia’s 39 provinces will eventually have at least one toll road section designated as an emergency runway, although no specific timeline was provided.

Donny Ermawan Taufanto, Deputy Defense Minister, emphasized the importance of this development, stating, “This success marks an important milestone in strengthening the universal defense system.” While the concept of using roads as military landing strips is not new—having been practiced by various countries including the United States, Finland, and Sweden—Indonesia’s plan reflects a strategic adaptation to its unique geographical challenges.

The country, which comprises over 6,000 inhabited islands stretching approximately 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles) from east to west, faces significant logistical challenges in military operations. Analysts argue that this initiative is a cost-effective alternative to acquiring and maintaining aircraft carriers, which can cost billions of dollars.

According to Collin Koh, a research fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore, deploying multiple highways as emergency runways makes more strategic sense than relying on a single aircraft carrier. “The margin of risk is lower than an aircraft carrier,” Koh explained, adding that losing one road would not incapacitate the entire operation.

The Indonesian Air Force’s statement highlighted that using toll roads as temporary runways would not interfere with their primary functions as public transportation routes. This approach is expected to enhance the operational readiness of the Air Force in addressing potential threats without compromising civilian infrastructure.

During the recent demonstration, the F-16 and Super Tucano showcased their capability to operate on roadways that are only half the width of standard airport runways. Toll roads measure approximately 24 meters (79 feet) in width, compared to the typical airport runway width of 45 to 60 meters. The skill of the pilots was commended, as they navigated the narrower paths with precision.

Harjono noted the plan includes sections of toll roads that would need to be 3,000 meters long (almost two miles) to accommodate military aircraft operations safely. This adaptability not only enhances national defense but also represents a significant leap forward in Indonesia’s military strategy.

Although Indonesia has had disputes with China in the South China Sea, officials maintain that this initiative is not directed against any specific nation. Rather, it is a proactive measure to bolster national security and improve response capabilities across its extensive territory.

As Indonesia moves forward with this innovative plan, it highlights a growing trend among nations to find practical and cost-effective solutions for military readiness in complex geographical landscapes. The successful integration of civilian infrastructure into military strategy marks a notable evolution in defense operations.