South Carolina Reports First Eastern Equine Encephalitis Death in 20 Years

Health officials in South Carolina have confirmed the state’s first death from Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) in more than two decades. The incident, reported by Beaufort County, marks a significant health concern as EEE is a rare but serious mosquito-borne disease.

Understanding Eastern Equine Encephalitis

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorizes EEE as a rare condition, yet highlights its severity. Approximately 30 percent of individuals who experience severe symptoms succumb to the disease. Survivors often face persistent neurological issues, which can significantly impact their quality of life. Symptoms of EEE include fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, behavioral changes, and drowsiness.

According to the CDC, only a handful of cases are recorded in the United States each year, predominantly in eastern and Gulf Coast states. Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments available for the virus.

Recent Case in Beaufort County

Beaufort County officials notified the South Carolina Department of Public Health on September 29, 2023, about the fatality. This incident represents the first EEE-related death in South Carolina since 2003. In a notice on its government website, the county’s Mosquito Control department reassured residents that it routinely tests mosquitoes for viruses that could be transmitted to humans.

The county’s notice stated, “Beaufort County has been consistently conducting spray missions throughout the County via truck and aerial applications.” Despite the confirmed death, no infected mosquitoes have been detected in the immediate vicinity of the deceased. However, local news reports indicate that ten horses tested positive for EEE across several counties earlier in the summer.

It is important to note that EEE is transmitted exclusively through mosquito bites, and the virus does not spread from person to person. Once contracted, the virus can lead to severe neurological symptoms due to inflammation or damage to the brain and spinal cord, conditions collectively referred to as meningitis.

Preventative Measures Against EEE

To mitigate the risk of exposure to EEE, public health officials recommend following the “seven Ts” guidelines:

– **Tip** over any containers that can hold water.
– **Toss** unnecessary yard items that could accumulate water.
– **Turn** over items like children’s pools that retain water.
– **Tighten** tarps over boats and pools to prevent water collection.
– **Take care** to clear debris from ditches, drains, and gutters.
– **Treat** standing water with mosquito control products.
– **Talk** with neighbors about mosquito reduction strategies in the community.

In light of this recent incident, Beaufort County has urged residents to stay vigilant for potential mosquito-related issues, as the insects thrive in areas where water has been standing for five days or more.

As the community navigates this health challenge, collaboration and diligence will be essential in reducing the risk of Eastern Equine Encephalitis and protecting public health.