RFK Jr. Targets Acetaminophen as Possible Autism Trigger

The U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., is reportedly planning to identify acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an upcoming report. This announcement, first reported by The Wall Street Journal, suggests that the HHS will also consider low levels of folate as another possible contributor to this developmental disorder. The report is expected to be released later this month.

While some studies have indicated a possible relationship between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and autism, the scientific community remains divided. Many experts argue that the evidence is insufficient to establish a definitive link. The upcoming HHS report has already drawn skepticism from various researchers in the field.

Examining the Evidence

Acetaminophen is the most commonly used over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer globally. It is generally regarded as safer than alternatives like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during pregnancy. Despite its widespread use, acetaminophen is not without risks; excessive intake can lead to acute liver or kidney damage. Recent studies have raised concerns about its use during pregnancy, with some suggesting it may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

A review conducted by researchers at Mount Sinai last month concluded that prenatal exposure to acetaminophen could affect fetal brain development. They propose that the substance may cross the placental barrier, potentially causing oxidative stress or disrupting critical hormones. Nevertheless, the connection between acetaminophen and autism is not universally accepted.

Research published in April 2024 in the journal JAMA analyzed data from all children born in Sweden between 1995 and 2019. While initial findings suggested a slight increase in autism risk among children whose mothers reported acetaminophen use during pregnancy, sibling comparisons showed no such correlation. This suggests that other factors may be at play, leading researchers to question the validity of the acetaminophen-autism association.

Concerns from the Scientific Community

The rise in autism diagnoses in recent years is often attributed to improved detection methods and expanded diagnostic criteria. Many experts believe that the increase in reported cases does not necessarily indicate a true rise in prevalence. The Coalition of Autism Scientists, consisting of over 200 researchers, has publicly criticized Kennedy’s statements, arguing that linking acetaminophen to autism without robust evidence is irresponsible.

In a statement released on Monday, the coalition emphasized that “the science is far more nuanced and uncertain.” They cautioned that such claims could lead to unnecessary confusion and anxiety among expecting parents. Furthermore, there is uncertainty regarding whether vaccines, a longstanding target for anti-vaccination advocates, will be addressed in the forthcoming HHS report.

As the scientific community awaits the HHS’s findings, it remains clear that understanding the complex causes of autism requires careful examination of numerous factors. The anticipated report may not provide the clarity that Kennedy and others hope for, given the current state of research regarding acetaminophen use during pregnancy.