Study Links Sleep Disorders to Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women

A recent study has established a significant correlation between sleep-related disorders and hypertension in postmenopausal women in the United States. Published online on November 11, 2023, in the journal Menopause, the research highlights the urgent need for improved sleep quality and weight management during and after menopause.

Led by Zhaoyi Liu, Ph.D., from Chongqing Medical University, the study examined data from 3,560 naturally postmenopausal women who participated in six cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018. The findings indicate that difficulties in sleeping and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are linked to increased odds of developing hypertension. Specifically, women facing trouble sleeping had an odds ratio of 1.61, while those with OSA had an odds ratio of 1.63.

Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Hypertension

The analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and hypertension. It suggests that both insufficient and excessive sleep can elevate the risk of hypertension, with a statistical significance of P for overall = 0.0007 and P for nonlinear = 0.0002. This nuanced understanding of sleep patterns underscores the complexity of sleep health and its implications for cardiovascular risks in postmenopausal women.

Further subgroup analyses indicated that body mass index (BMI) plays a moderating role in these associations. The effects were notably stronger among women classified as obese, with interaction significance levels of P for interaction = 0.038 for trouble sleeping and P for interaction = 0.044 for OSA. These insights call for targeted interventions that consider weight management alongside sleep quality improvements.

Expert Insights on the Findings

Dr. Monica Christmas, associate medical director for The Menopause Society, commented on the implications of the research. While the study does not determine causality—whether sleep dysfunction leads to hypertension or vice versa—it emphasizes the importance of addressing sleep quality as a crucial factor in reducing long-term cardiovascular risks.

Dr. Christmas stated, “The study findings raise awareness around the importance of improving sleep quality and optimal weight management during and after the menopause transition as key factors in mitigating long-term cardiovascular risk.”

The findings from Liu and colleagues contribute to a growing body of literature that examines the intricate relationship between sleep health and cardiovascular outcomes. As more studies emerge, they provide valuable insights for healthcare providers aiming to support postmenopausal women in managing both sleep disorders and hypertension effectively.

In summary, understanding the intersections of sleep-related disorders and hypertension in postmenopausal women could lead to enhanced health strategies, ultimately improving quality of life during this critical life stage.