Scientists Launch Menstrual Cup into Space to Test Viability

Researchers have sent a menstrual cup into space to evaluate its effectiveness in a zero-gravity environment. The study, conducted by the AstroCup team, involved placing two menstrual cups manufactured by Lunette on an uncrewed rocket that ascended approximately 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) during a nine-minute flight. The objective was to determine how well the product could withstand the unique challenges posed by space travel.

The flight, which took place in 2022, subjected the menstrual cups to various stressors, including vibrations that could potentially compromise their structure. After conducting leak tests with glycerol and water, researchers found that the cups remained intact and undamaged, demonstrating no degradation of materials. These findings were published on December 2, 2023, in the journal NPJ Women’s Health.

Addressing Menstrual Health in Space

Menstrual cups are flexible, reusable containers designed to collect menstrual flow. Their popularity has surged in recent years as a sustainable alternative to traditional single-use products like tampons and pads. While many astronauts opt to suppress their menstrual cycles through hormonal means, the prospect of long-term space exploration raises questions about menstrual management.

The current recycling systems on spacecraft are not designed to handle menstrual blood, making single-use products impractical due to the waste they generate. The AstroCup team sees menstrual cups as a promising solution for future missions, potentially allowing for greater flexibility in managing menstrual health in space. However, researchers caution that further studies are needed to assess how these cups perform in reduced gravity over extended periods, particularly when removal of the cup may be more complicated.

“Now we can start implementing and redefine health autonomy in space,” said Lígia Coelho, lead researcher of AstroCup and a fellow at Cornell University.

Understanding Period Management for Astronauts

Many astronauts manage their menstrual cycles by using hormonal contraceptives, which can effectively halt menstruation. This approach not only simplifies life in space but may also alleviate symptoms associated with hormonal fluctuations, such as cramping and fatigue. While options like intrauterine devices (IUDs) exist, research on their use in space is limited.

While hormonal methods offer convenience, they come with potential side effects. For instance, increased estrogen levels can elevate the risk of blood clotting, and hormonal contraceptives may impact bone density. These points highlight the necessity for thorough research before implementing such methods in space travel.

Managing menstrual cycles effectively will be crucial as humanity advances toward potential reproduction in space, making it essential to explore diverse options. As the study notes, “More women will have the opportunity to go to space for even longer missions, and it is paramount that their autonomy on menstrual options is respected.”

This research paves the way for astronauts on missions to the Moon and Mars, who may wish to maintain their menstrual cycles for personal, health, or reproductive reasons. As investigations continue, understanding menstrual health in space will play a vital role in expanding the possibilities for future space travel.