Scientists Test Menstrual Cups in Space for Future Missions

A research initiative has successfully tested menstrual cups in space, providing new insights into managing menstruation for astronauts. The study, conducted by the group AstroCup, involved sending two menstrual cups, manufactured by Lunette, aboard an uncrewed rocket in 2022. The flight lasted approximately nine minutes, reaching an altitude of 1.9 miles (3 kilometers). This experiment aimed to determine how well these reusable period products withstand the challenges of space travel.

During the experiment, the menstrual cups were subjected to various stressors, including vibration, which could potentially compromise their structure. Following the flight, researchers conducted leak tests using glycerol and water. The results indicated that the cups remained intact, with no structural damage or degradation of material. The findings were published on December 2, 2023, in the journal NPJ Women’s Health.

Challenges of Menstruation in Space

Menstrual cups, made from flexible silicone, have gained popularity as a sustainable alternative to single-use products like tampons and pads. They can last for several years, making them an attractive option for space missions where waste management is crucial. While many astronauts choose to suppress their menstrual cycles through hormonal methods, ongoing exploration of space means that some women may prefer to menstruate during missions.

Current recycling systems aboard spacecraft are not designed to manage menstrual blood, and the use of single-use products can lead to increased waste. The AstroCup team believes that menstrual cups could serve as a viable solution to this issue, paving the way for more health options in microgravity environments.

The lead researcher, Lígia Coelho, who is also a fellow at Cornell University‘s Carl Sagan Institute, emphasized the importance of this research. Coelho stated, “Now we can start implementing and redefine health autonomy in space.” The AstroCup team aims to further investigate how menstrual cups perform in reduced gravity and during longer missions, as the removal and management of the cup could be affected.

Future Implications for Women in Space

On Earth, women often manage their menstruation by using hormonal birth control methods, which can provide relief from menstrual symptoms. These methods may also be beneficial for astronauts, reducing the need for menstrual products and minimizing the effects of hormonal fluctuations. However, the impact of these contraceptives in space remains largely unexamined.

Research indicates that long-term use of hormonal contraceptives can have various side effects, including an increased risk of blood clots and potential impacts on bone density. As the authors of the study noted, understanding these effects in a microgravity environment is essential for the health of astronauts.

The study highlights a significant shift toward acknowledging women’s health needs in space exploration. As missions to the Moon and Mars become more feasible, the demand for effective menstrual management options will grow. The authors of the NPJ article pointed out that “more women will have the opportunity to go to space for even longer missions, and it is paramount that their autonomy on menstrual options is respected.”

As research continues, the implementation of menstrual cups could not only enhance the well-being of astronauts but also contribute to the broader understanding of reproductive health in space.